Â鶹´«Ã½

§¥§à§Ò§â§à §á§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §°§°§¯
§Á§Ù§í§Ü:

§° §°§æ§Ú§ã§Ö §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö (OSAA)

§°§æ§Ú§ã §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö (OSAA) §Ò§í§Ý §à§æ§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß §Ó §Þ§Ñ§â§ä§Ö 2003 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Ö 2003 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ã §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú §Ñ§Õ§Ó§à§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í; §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ð §Ó §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§°§¯ §Õ§Ý§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú; §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §¯§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú (NEPAD); §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú.

§£ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, OSAA §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Ú §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§å§ð §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §°§°§¯ §á§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö.

§°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§à§Ý§Ú:

  1. §¬§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§à§Ý§î: §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ð §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ú§ã§è§Ú§á§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ§â§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§å, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §°§°§¯ §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö. §°§ß §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ.
  2. §¡§Õ§Ó§à§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§à§Ý§î: §£ §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ñ OSAA §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ñ§Õ§Ó§à§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§å§ð §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §ß§Ñ:
    1. §µ§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§°§¯ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö.
    2. §±§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à §ä§Ö§Ü§å§ë§Ú§ç §Ú §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §ä§Ö§ã§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §°§°§¯, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý §¥§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §¿§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú (ECA).
  • §¬§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Þ §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§â§Ú§Ú ?§¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú? (ADS), §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü §Ñ§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö, §Ú §Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §ã§à §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§°§¯ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú.
  1. §²§à§Ý§î §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú: OSAA §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§°§¯ §á§à §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú. §°§ß §Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §®§Ö§Ø§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§å§ð §Ô§â§å§á§á§å §á§à §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ (IDTFAA), §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ:
    1. §±§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §°§°§¯ §Õ§Ý§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú.
    2. §³§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §°§°§¯ §ã §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §³§à§ð§Ù§à§Þ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â §Ñ§Õ§Ó§à§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §²§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú (RCM-Africa), §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û OSAA §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à §ã §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §³§à§ð§Ù§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä.
  2. §²§à§Ý§î §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ: OSAA §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Û, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö. §°§æ§Ú§ã §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §°§°§¯, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¸§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ (§¸§µ§²) §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö.

§¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, OSAA §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ñ §®§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §°§°§¯ §á§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó, §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í§ç §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú. §¿§ä§à§ä §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ §à§ä§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§à §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§à§Ó, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó, §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û.

§¦§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à OSAA §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §à§Ò§Ù§à§â §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§à§Û §°§°§¯, §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §ß§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §³§à§ð§Ù§å §Ú AUDA-NEPAD §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §¯§à§Ó§à§Ö §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú (NEPAD). §°§æ§Ú§ã §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ä§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç, §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ñ §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§å§ð §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ú §Ú§ç §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, OSAA §à§ä§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §°§°§¯ §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ §Ó §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§à§Ó, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §¸§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §±§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ 2063. [1]

§£§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §®§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§ñ

§£§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
?§°§æ§Ú§ã §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö (OSAA) §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ü §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û, §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö §ã§à §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §°§°§¯ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §á§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú§ß§Ü§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ö.

§®§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§ñ
?§®§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§ñ OSAA §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í:

  • §±§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö §Ú §á§â§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§ç:
    • §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ,
    • §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú,
    • §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ,
    • §ç§à§â§à§ê§Ö§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ,
    • §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ú §æ§å§ß§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ,
  • §°§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§î §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú §Ú§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç:
    • §±§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §³§à§ð§Ù§Ñ 2063,
    • §¯§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú (NEPAD),
    • §¸§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ (§¸§µ§²),
    • §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó.[2]

§±§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ
?§±§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ð§ä §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö OSAA §á§à §á§â§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö. §³ §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, OSAA §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ:

  • §µ§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §°§°§¯ §Ú NEPAD,
  • §®§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó §á§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú,
  • §³§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §ã §á§â§Ú§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú,
  • §±§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú.

OSAA §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §°§°§¯, §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §³§à§ð§Ù, AUDA-NEPAD, §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à, §³§®§ª, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Û §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §Ú §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à.[3]

§³§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §±§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ñ OSAA
?§³§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ñ OSAA §ã§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§à§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§ç §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§ç:

  1. §¶§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ: §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð, §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§Ñ §ã §ß§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §á§à§ä§à§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
  2. §µ§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ: §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§Ñ §ã §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§Ü§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§ç §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó.
  3. §¥§Ö§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ñ, §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ü§Ñ§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý: §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§ç §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó.
  4. §¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ, §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ú§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú: §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§í§Ó§Ñ, §á§â§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
  5. §ª§ß§Õ§å§ã§ä§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ù§à§ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú (AfCFTA): §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§Õ§å§ã§ä§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.
  6. §¿§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä: §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ö §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö, §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§Ñ §ã §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ §Ü §Ù§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ö.[4]

§²§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à

§¬§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ §¥§å§Ñ§â§ä (§¬§Ñ§Ò§à-§£§Ö§â§Õ§Ö)


?

?§©§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ §°§°§¯ §Ú §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ §°§°§¯ §á§à §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö
?§£ §Ú§ð§Ý§Ö 2020 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§î §°§°§¯ §¡§ß§ä§à§ß§Ú§å §¤§å§ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ê §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Ý §¬§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§å §¥§å§Ñ§â§ä §Ú§Ù §¬§Ñ§Ò§à-§£§Ö§â§Õ§Ö §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §á§à §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö. §£ §ï§ä§à§Û §â§à§Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §°§æ§Ú§ã §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö (OSAA).

§¬§Ñ§â§î§Ö§â§Ñ §¬§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í §¥§å§Ñ§â§ä §à§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 34 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§à§Ö §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ, §ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í.

§¥§à §ä§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ú§ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü OSAA, §à§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§à§Ó §°§°§¯ §á§à §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §£§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §á§à §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §±§à§Ý§Ñ §¬§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Þ§Ö §á§à §â§Ö§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Þ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §³§à§ð§Ù§Ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ó §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §¡§Ý§î§ñ§ß§ã§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§å§ð §â§Ö§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§ð §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö (AGRA) §Ú §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §ª§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ý§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú §ª§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ö §µ§°§¯§¤§°§©§ª.

§¥§å§Ñ§â§ä §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä §®§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó §Ú §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §¬§Ñ§Ò§à-§£§Ö§â§Õ§Ö (2006¨C2016), §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ, §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §á§à §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ó §®§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §¬§Ñ§Ò§à-§£§Ö§â§Õ§Ö, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §°§ß§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó Citibank, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ó§Ú§è§Ö-§á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §Ü§à§â§á§à§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ú §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §Ü§à§â§á§à§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ Citibank §Ó §¡§ß§Ô§à§Ý§Ö.

§µ §¬§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í §¥§å§Ñ§â§ä §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§î §Þ§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ó §¡§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§í§ã§ê§Ö§Û §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ / §º§Ü§à§Ý§Ö §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ Thunderbird, §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ §ã §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§à §Ò§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ã-§Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ó §¿§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ö §µ§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §¬§à§Ý§à§â§Ñ§Õ§à §Ú §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§î §Ò§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ó§â§Ñ §á§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ, §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Ó §ª§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ö §Ó§í§ã§ê§Ö§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §­§Ú§ã§ã§Ñ§Ò§à§ß§Ö, §±§à§â§ä§å§Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ. §°§ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§ß§à §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ, §æ§â§Ñ§ß§è§å§Ù§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ, §Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú §á§à§â§ä§å§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¬§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Þ§å§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ú §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Õ§à§é§î. [5]

§¨§Ñ§ß-§±§à§Ý§î §¡§Õ§Ñ§Þ (§³§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ý§í)


?

§¥§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â (D-2) §á§à §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö, §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§å §Ú §Ñ§Õ§Ó§à§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú
§¨§Ñ§ß-§±§à§Ý§î §¡§Õ§Ñ§Þ ¡ª §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §á§à §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö, §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§å §Ú §Ñ§Õ§Ó§à§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §°§æ§Ú§ã§Ö §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö §á§â§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ö §°§°§¯.

§°§ß §á§â§Ú§ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ü §°§°§¯ §Ó §ñ§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§Ö 2020 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §á§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ§Þ, §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §¿§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §°§°§¯ §Õ§Ý§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Õ§à §Ú§ð§ß§ñ 2023 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ.

§¡§Õ§Ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ó §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §³§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ý, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó, §ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú §Ú §ã§Ú§ß§Ö§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú (2015¨C2016), §Ô§Õ§Ö §à§ß §Ó§Ö§Ý §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§í §á§à §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß§å §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ü §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ó 2015 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §é§ä§à §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§Ý§à §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ú§ä§î 30% §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §³§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ý §Ú §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §Ó§í§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ §³§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à ?§Ô§à§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à? §Ù§Ñ§Û§Þ§Ñ. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ß §Ò§í§Ý §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§à§Þ §Ú§ß§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý §³§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ý (2010¨C2015) §Ú §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§à§Þ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (2016¨C2019).[6]